ABSTRACT
CONTEXT Over the years, research investigating how engineering education contributes to the employability skills of students has led to the adoption of scenario-, problem- or project-based learning being implemented as effective methods for developing skills. Measuring student perception has emerged as an effective tool to gain insights into how changes to engineering curricula can contribute to various skills and attributes of engineering graduates. The COVID-19 pandemic has, however, disrupted teaching methods, making student engagement challenging. The effectiveness of teaching methods is dependent on the students' engagement level, which in turn translates into developing their employability skills. PURPOSE OR GOAL In order to pave the way for the post-pandemic approach towards improving the employability skills of engineers, it is important to gain a comprehensive understanding of the existing literature in this area of study. Thus, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of undergraduate engineering students' perceptions of employability skills. APPROACH OR METHODOLOGY/METHODS Utilising the PRISMA protocol, a systematic review of the existing literature will be performed, looking at student perception of employability skills. The review will look at peer-reviewed research reporting on post-secondary engineering education in the last 20 years. Highly relevant papers will be chosen based on the protocol and reviewed. ACTUAL OUTCOMES Throughout the literature on this topic, a recurring theme is that employability skills are not well-defined, and a range of reference frameworks are used, such as accreditation requirements, 21st century skills and global engineer skills. The review found that the employers perceive that graduating engineers' non-technical skills are inadequate. In response, universities are constantly evolving their curricula and teaching methods to address this gap. Mismatches are identified in terms of the student perceptions of important employability skills and the perceptions of universities and industry employers. Internships, job placements, and problem- and project-based learning have found their place in helping undergraduate students to develop their skills. Suggestions for future work include a comparison with other professional degrees and how engineering education has deviated from these other degrees. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS/SUMMARY The effect of COVID-19 on engineering student's employability and how long it will persist is currently unknown. This study contributes to the understanding of student perceptions about employability skills before the pandemic to understand the state of play when the COVID-19 disruption to teaching and learning occurred. It adds to the growing body of knowledge on engineering education focussed on employability skills and will help develop this field progress as we emerge from the pandemic. Copyright © Karthikaeyan Chinnakannu Murthy and Tania Machet, 2021.
ABSTRACT
To most students the internal machinations of the university are a black box, very rarely are they permitted to see behind the curtain. While in many areas academia has started to move away from the sage-on-the-stage mentality, much of what is done still does not involve the students' voice. While they have the opportunity to provide feedback on individual subjects, the structure of students' whole degrees are still the domain of the sage.At the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) we are reviewing our professional practice program for engineering. This program sees students complete professional experience activities such as internships, reflections and professional skill development in order to give students the opportunity to develop as professionals. While the program is well received by most stakeholders, it has remained largely the same for some time. Changes in the Higher Education sector, changing student needs and learning from the COVID-19 disruption have resulted in a review looking to redevelop the program.Typically a program review would be an opaque process for students if they were aware of it at all. However, UTS sought to bring students into the program development from an early stage. Engineering and IT students from any year of study were invited to apply to join a seven-week co-design studio over their Summer semester to reimagine professional practice at UTS. They were taken through the design thinking process to imagine a future program that meets the needs of all stakeholders. Students worked through empathising with past and current students, program academics, Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) experts, industry professionals and others they identified as important stakeholders. Additionally, the students completed independent research on context topics they identified as critical to understanding the space.The results of the project were that students identified three key foci for their program:•Supporting the development of a diverse student cohort•Improving the feedback loop between students, industry, and the University•Fostering connection(s) between the University and industryTo meet these aims the students proposed innovative solutions including a degree structure with an exit point for a lower qualification should a student not need the full qualification, and a flexi-points system to provide students access to a flexible professional development scheme tailored to each students' needs.Throughout the studio the students independently developed both insights and ideas that had previously been raised by the University and new insights and ideas that the University had not considered. They developed their design thinking, professional practice, complex problem solving skills, and expressed an appreciation for the chance to better understand how and why the University works behind the scenes. From the perspective of subject designers, the process and engagement of students rein vigorated the academics affected by a long COVID-19 disruption that had seen diminished engagement from students.This process significantly benefited all involved through the development of skills and knowledge in students, the reinvigoration of academic staff, and the development of confirmatory and new insights and ideas for the University. This innovative practice will be broadened and continued at UTS and the co-design processes it supported as the norm rather than the exception when redeveloping course content and program structures. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Les vascularites associées aux ANCA (AAV) sont un groupe de vascularites nécrosantes affectant principalement les vaisseaux de petit calibre comprenant la granulomatose avec polyangéite (GPA) et la polyangéite microscopique (MPA). Le rituximab (RTX), un anticorps monoclonal anti-CD-20, s'est révélé non inférieur au cyclophosphamide dans le traitement d'induction des AAV. L'objectif de notre étude était de déterminer la fréquence de résistance au RTX au cours du traitement d'induction et de caractériser les patients résistants. Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective multicentrique entre 2010 et 2020 dans les services de médecine interne et de néphrologie de Lille, Valenciennes et Boulogne-sur-Mer. Les patients ont été identifiés en utilisant le Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Informations (PMSI). Les patients atteints d'AAV nouvellement diagnostiquée ou en rechute (GPA ou MPA répondant aux critères de classification de Chapell-Hill 2012) et ayant reçu un régime d'induction par RTX ont été inclus. Au moment de l'administration du RTX, les informations suivantes ont été recueillies : données démographiques, cliniques (dont le Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score/Wegener [BVAS/WG] et le Vasculitis Damage Index [VDI]), traitements reçus, forme localisée de la maladie, schéma de décroissance de la corticothérapie. À 3 (M3), 6 (M6) et 12 mois (M12), les données suivantes ont été recueillies : BVAS-WG, VDI, traitements, données biologiques, événements infectieux, événements cardiovasculaires (CVE) et la mortalité. Le critère de jugement principal était la résistance au RTX à M3, définie comme une maladie non contrôlée ou une poussée de la maladie selon Miloslavsky et al. et nécessitant une modification thérapeutique : (i) les patients étaient considérés comme ayant une maladie non contrôlée s'ils présentaient un nouvel item du BVAS/WG, une aggravation ou un BVAS-WG inchangée 1 mois après le début du traitement par RTX, (ii) les poussées de la maladie étaient définies comme une augmentation du BVAS/WG de ≥ 1 point après le premier mois de traitement et avant M3, que la rémission ait été atteinte ou non. Les critères de jugement secondaires étaient : les complications infectieuses, les CVE et la mortalité à M3, M6 et M12. L'étude a inclus 121 patients. Cinq patients ont été exclus de l'analyse en raison d'un BVAS-WG > 0 à M3 contrastant avec une rémission à M6 sans nécessité de traitement supplémentaire (manifestations légères ORL/hématurie [ n = 3], complications infectieuses [ n = 2]). Quatorze (12,0 %) patients avaient une résistance au RTX à M3 (comprenant 8/14 de maladie incontrôlée et 6/14 de poussée de la maladie), sans différence dans les caractéristiques démographiques, le type de vascularite, le type d'ANCA, le statut de la maladie ou les atteintes d'organes. Les patients présentant une résistance au RTX à M3 avaient plus souvent une forme localisée de la maladie (48,0 % contre 18,0 %, p = 0,04) et étaient moins souvent traités initialement par bolus de méthylprednisolone (MP) (21 % contre 58,0 %, p = 0,010). Sur les 14 patients présentant une résistance au RTX, sept ont reçu un traitement immunosuppresseur supplémentaire. Tous les patients étaient en rémission à 6 mois. Les patients ayant une résistance au RTX avaient tendance faire plus d'infection précoce sévère (14,0 % vs 2,9 %, p = 0,1) et de CVE à 1 an (17,0 % vs 3,3 %, p = 0,1). Les infections à SARS-CoV-2 ont représenté la moitié de la mortalité liée aux infections. Notre étude montre que 12,0 % des patients ont une résistance au RTX à M3 de traitement d'induction. Près de la moitié ont nécessité une intensification thérapeutique. Les patients avec une résistance au RTX avaient plus souvent une forme localisée de la maladie et avaient moins reçu initialement de bolus de MP. (French) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revue de Médecine Interne is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)